In people with diabetes, the small blood vessels in the retina may leak fluid into the macula, the area that allows you to read and recognise faces. This build-up, or macular oedema, is a common cause of diabetes-related sight loss.
Signs
Blurred or distorted central vision, difficulty reading, duller colours. Initially there may be no symptoms: this is why a screening fundus examination is recommended at least once a year for everyone with diabetes (see diabetic retinopathy).
Examinations
OCT produces cross-sectional retinal images and measures macular thickness; it is used for diagnosis and monitoring. Fluorescein angiography may complement the assessment depending on the case (see imaging examinations).
Treatments
Treatment first relies on controlling diabetes, blood pressure and lipids. In the eye, intravitreal injections (anti-VEGF or corticosteroids) reduce oedema; laser may be used in certain forms. Injections are performed by the practice's doctors, with regular check-ups.
The patient's role
Follow your diabetes treatment, regularly check your blood glucose (HbA1c) and blood pressure, and keep attending monitoring appointments, even if vision seems stable.
Frequently asked questions
Can vision return?
It may improve with treatment, particularly when care starts early. The aim is also to stabilise vision to prevent deterioration.
How many injections are needed?
The number varies according to the response to treatment; it is adjusted at each check-up.
Who should seek a consultation?
Everyone with diabetes, even without symptoms, at least once a year.
In the event of sudden loss of vision or pain, see eye emergencies.
A question about your situation?
Your ophthalmologist answers your questions during the consultation. For a sudden symptom or sudden loss of vision, seek advice promptly: see the eye emergencies page.